veterinary online

The process of individual development of an organism from birth to death 

It consists of two main stages: prenatal (prenatal) and postnatal (postpartum).

At the head can often be following injury and disease: damage to the nose and nasal bleeding, tumors, and foreign bodies in the nasal cavity, sinusitis, fractures of the upper and lower jaws and other bones of the skull bone fractures horn, wounds and inflammation of the jaw joint, facial and trigeminal nerve; foreign bodies and tumors in the oral cavity, retention cysts, wounds language feather disease in cattle, sheep and horses, gingivitis, 

dental diseases as a cause of disease of the gastrointestinal tract anomalies and improper tooth wear, fluorosis, caries teeth and pulpitis, broken teeth, odontogenic osteomyelitis, abscesses retrofarinhialnyh lymph nodes, salivary glands, wounds, abscesses, phlegmon in the parotid, submandibular glands, salivary fistula, eczema, dermatitis and hematoma ear, purulent otitis in pigs and other animals, actinomycosis language and bone, submandibular lymph nodes and parotid region.

Pathological processes in the tail may be different (wounds, bruises, broken bones, sprains, contractures, eczema, osteomyelitis, caries of the vertebrae, tumors), because in each case the necessary qualified veterinary care and further treatment, which may in outpatient (home) hold a pet owner.

Pathological, Pathological processes in the field of animal tail

the most common surgery. Removal of the gonads in males called orchiectomy.

The economic importance of castration is that increased susceptibility of the organism to obesity, increased body weight in animal feeding, meat fattened castrates becomes tender and loses the characteristic odor and taste, characteristic male meat (especially evident in hogs, goats, rams). They disappear exuberant temper, belligerence, obstinacy (it is possible to group content). Castration prevents family mating and fertilization of females nepleminnyh males, which is important when conducting purposeful breeding and artificial insemination in cattle.

With therapeutic purposes castrated males spend with intravaginal hernia, orchitis, periorhitah, injury to the testes and spermatic cord diseases.

The basis of naming and classification of diseases based on the following principles.

animal diseases, Anatomical

it is a complex neurohumoral reflex process, characterized by a complex physiological and morphological changes in the genitals and around the female body from one stage of excitement to another (or from one estrus, hunting to another). In the sexual cycle, there are three phases: excitement, braking and balancing (for AP Studentsov).

genetics in veterinary

genetics in veterinary

genetics is the science of studying inherited variation and deals with the origin of genetic variation and the expression of traits resulting form this variation 

In the study of the nervous system must take into account character and habits of animals.Aggressiveness, expressed a desire to attack, bite, subjected horn, beat limbs bend under him, showing not only evil animals, and sick. With behavior disorders Depression, agitation, involuntary movement, etc.In the study of the skull and spine are paying attention to their integrity, areas with altered bone density 

In the study of skin determine its tactile and pain sensitivity. In pathological states emit increase, decrease or complete loss of skin sensitivity.

Observation of biomechanics movement gives an idea about the state of the musculoskeletal system, the nervous security.
In explaining reflexes in clinical veterinary practice using mechanical and thermal stimuli. All reflexes are divided into superficial and deep. By superficial reflexes reflexes include the skin and mucous membranes, skin to reflections - reflections withers, abdominal, and hoofed kremastera gap, to reflections mucous membranes - kornealny, chihatelnyy etc.
By the deep reflexes are reflexes tendons, muscles, periosteum (the most frequently used knee and ahylovi).

Weakening or strengthening skin reflexes associated with brain damage. Loss or weakening of reflexes characteristic flaccid paralysis.
Investigation of the endocrine glands. To assess the state of the puncture and endocrine systems  collect anamnesis, conduct inspection and palpation of animals tested blood and urine account for biogeochemical zone.On examination, pay attention to the condition of the mucous membranes. Their dry note in diabetes.

In the study of blood and metabolism summarizes clinical and biochemical parameters. Particular attention is paid to the state of the mucous membranes, wool, ungulate horns and skeleton. When anemia is marked pallor of the mucous membranes and skin, diabetes - they dry. Opacity wool observed in vitamin deficiencies, deformities and growth ungulate horns and skeleton, micronutrient, ketosis, osteodystrophy.

To assess metabolic examine whole blood, serum or plasma. In determining the amount of blood formed elements, hemoglobin, ESR, ketone bodies, sugar, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, etc. In determining serum total protein and its fractions, urea, bilirubin, vitamins, enzymes, calcium, phosphorus, etc. In plasma determine backup alkalinity, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, etc.

In the blood of healthy animals are mature cells: red blood cells, platelets, leukocytes (basophils, eosinophils, stab and segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes). Appearance in the blood of immature forms blood cells (reticulocytes, normocytes, erytroblastiv etc.) shows the development of pathology hematopoiesis.

snow pigeon 

snow pigeon 

Body length about 33 cm head is slate-gray plumage, chest and neck white; tail feathers gray with a white stripe, red legs.This species lives in Afghanistan, India, the Pamirs and western China.
For nesting pigeons choose crevices in the rocks settle in pairs or small groups. In the nest the female lays two eggs, which hatch 18 days.For our country, snow pigeon is a rare and protected bird.

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in fish,  gastrointestinal tract of fish, Inflammation

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract in fish,  gastrointestinal tract of fish, Inflammation

observed in fish fed low-quality live feed, caught in contaminated waste water ponds fed with dry food (Daphnia haparusy, blood worm) and with frequent giving artificially bred potted worms - enhitreusa. These are difficult to digest foods and cause inflammation of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract of fish.

To feed the hamsters was not uniform, except for cereals, legumes and nuts, you should definitely include in their daily diet different foods and luscious greens. The first is solid vegetable roots that your pet will nibble while getting the necessary vitamins and 

feed the hamsters

minerals, as well as missing his liquid. Such vegetables include carrots, beets, cucumbers, potatoes, celery, zucchini, squash, eggplant, artichoke, pepper, etc. In small quantities occasionally can give hamsters are different kinds of cabbage, tomato, radish, radish. Necessary to protect them from the use of onions and garlic.

Hamsters

Hamsters can not give citrus and other exotic fruits that contain a lot of acid and gastric unusual for rodents. In winter, many fruits you can substitute dried fruits. Dried apricots, prunes, dried apples and pears are a favorite food hamsters.