veterinary online: veterinary

Showing posts with label veterinary. Show all posts

Wednesday, November 27, 2013

Syrian hamster, hamster Care and Maintenance 2014 part 2

Syrian hamster, hamster Care and Maintenance 2014

Syrian hamster, hamster Care and Maintenance 2014, hamster care, hamster cages

big wheel for jogging (diameter 19 - 24 cm), as the hamster creating moving, sitting in one place is bad for his health and spirits. remaining items and toys can be purchased on its own. There is a huge number of various houses, shelters, stairs, walking balls, assorted tubes tunnels, shelves, hanging toys to nibble, sandboxes, toilets and so on. And all this is done to ensure that your pet has been fun to live. For animal is not difficult to do something with their hands, such as comfortable cabin plywood zagonchik or labyrinth walks. CLEANER HOUSING Cleaning should be done every 4-5 days, and wash better with some safe disinfectant, such as baking soda or soap. Bowl and water bowl should be washed every day. Certainly, once a month, you should wash the cage and use items hamster detergent containing bleach, then carefully rinse and dry all. HYGIENE HAMSTER Syrian hamster - Create a very cleanly. Constantly maintains its fur clean, periodically washing up vtechenii days, especially on waking in the evening. Bathe your hamster can not, and if he accidentally gets dirty, wipe it dry enough gauze or paper handkerchief. Sometimes there are times when you need to wash a hamster, but it should be an exceptional case hopeless. Head watering can not be washed under a gentle stream of warm water, the procedure lasts as quickly as possible to hamster supercooled and not scared, just dry warm hairdryer. During this wash hamster may suffer not only from the cold, but also high levels of stress, so you can give him some soft soothing homeopathic. longhair hamster you need to brush comb teeth with frequent or small brush (for cats). Females and short-massage or a toothbrush. Cleaning wool hamster can sometimes put a sandbox with sand-bathing, bought in a store or conventional, sieved and calcined in a pan or oven.

Syrian hamster, hamster Care and Maintenance 2014, hamster care, hamster cages

Syrian hamster, hamster Care and Maintenance 2014 part 1

Syrian hamster, hamster Care and Maintenance 2014

Syrian hamster, hamster Care and Maintenance 2014, accommodations housing for the hamster

Syrian hamster care is simple, so keep clean hamster does not require much effort and time consuming.accommodations as housing for the hamster can be used:

1. iron cage with deep removable plastic tray 2. Aquarium of conventional or organic glass

3. plastic container with tubes tunnels. Area housing for Syrian hamsters should be at least 25 × 40 cm cells should be secured, and the aquarium have a minimum height of 30 cm with lid or latch with holes. Lactating females with cubs better be in a glass container, since through the bars of the cage can drop small homyachata. There are special plastic carrying different size, convenient for transportation, which are designed for temporary stay there hamster. LITTER The litter must be of major soft dry sawdust (shavings ), small can badly affect the breathing and clog animal eyes. Litter layer thickness of about 3-4 cm litter should not be used as: cloth, cotton, paper and toilet paper with the dye. litter can still serve as a special natural wood filler for rodents combined with colorless paper napkins. For long-haired sawdust should be abandoned, and use only the vehicle to avoid exposing hair tangling. Such litter for hamsters conceived, tested and proven over the years

Syrian hamster, hamster Care and Maintenance 2014, accommodations housing for the hamster

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014 part 3

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014, Wolves, Wolf color, Anatomy of wolves

Typically, dominant couple expresses love for each other, spending much time together, weaving and sniffing. Courtship is becoming more pronounced during the breeding season, when the female becomes pregnant, the male becomes extremely caring to her and brings her food. The rest of the females in the pack does not enjoy any advantage of their gender, they are around par with males: hunt, play m eat. Pregnant females and females with cubs to a four-age are considered high-ranking, at this time the whole flock takes care of them. Other females in the pack often lactating, vskarmlivaya strangers young and lick them.

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014, Wolves, Wolf color, Anatomy of wolves

Tuesday, November 26, 2013

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014 part 2

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014, Wolves, Wolf color, Anatomy of wolves

Received multiple injuries, the victim dies from blood loss or pain shock. Not one wolf killed under the hoofs of the elk, but in the end almost always pack comes out the winner. The most preferred embodiment, when the victim flees, exhausted, she loses the ability to seriously resist. If the animal is sick or weak, it gets tired very quickly. In addition, during the persecution of the victim can break a leg or hurt - in this case, the wolves are easier to kill her. But for hunting dogs used another tactic. Dog lure - often acts as bait wolf, which flirts with dog and lures her into an ambush, where hid other wolves. Scoring prey, wolves start to the meal. The right to choose the first tidbit belongs dominant pair they eat the liver and other internal organs that are most nutritious. Once a flock devour remain only bones, horns and hooves, and if a lot of production, flock back to the carcass and on the second day.

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014, Wolves, Wolf color, Anatomy of wolves

Monday, November 25, 2013

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014 part 1

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014, Wolves, Wolf color, Anatomy of wolves

Wolves - representatives of the largest family Canidae. Height 60-90 cm, length from head to tip of tail 150-180 cm, weight 27 (the smallest female) -60 kg (the largest male). Wolves that live in the north area, larger than their southern counterparts. wolf fur consists of thick guard hair soaked fat that repels water and soft undercoat, retaining heat. The heat loss is minimal wolf, his fur snow melts. Getting a vacation, wolf covered his fluffy tail and gets warm breath. Wolves molt in the summer, getting rid of the warm fur on the heat. Fur color can vary from black to pure white, including different shades of gray and brown, cream, red and silver - depending on the color of the top coat. As a rule, there are several in color flowers. Guard hair is painted in stripes of different colors - from white to black, this type of color is called "agouti" (named after the South American rodent). Color is influenced by the chemical "eumelanin", which affects the guard hairs at different points in its growth. During the period of active influence on the hair eumelanin present more bands of different colors, and the wolf gets dark color. Most of the wolves have a dark gray strip along the spine, dark markings on the top of the head and at the base of the ears and on the face - "mask." Dark areas of color are at the base legs, along the back and top of the tail. Light-colored seats are in the wolf's belly and groin area, lower jaw, on the underside of the front paws, on the cheeks, around the eyes and inside the ear, chest, legs and bottom of the tail. In the place where "eumelanin" depressed, wolves formed patches of light brown color.

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014, Wolves, Wolf color, Anatomy of wolves

Wednesday, November 13, 2013

Cesarean section in cats, Pathology of childbirth Part 1

cesarean section in cats

Cesarean section in cats, Pathology of childbirth

In normal births occurring assistance or supervision of a person taking newborns. At the same time it is essential to find a birth pathology, be able to provide timely assistance and, if necessary and urgent to contact a qualified veterinary care.

Abnormal or wrong that occur births occur under the influence of many reasons, including the spontaneous contractile ability of the muscles of the uterus and abdominal wall, narrow pelvis, improper location of the fruit, as well as mismanagement and premature human intervention.Weak contractions and emerging powers called rare, short time-uterine and abdominal muscles. This delayed the birth of kittens or finds it impossible. Weak contractions are more common in older animals and multiple birth than of young.

In veterinary obstetrics to distinguish between primary and "weak contractions and secondary power or clan weakness.The primary consider these clashes and power in which uterine and abdominal muscles are not sufficient to expel the fetus as early and subsequent stages of childbirth.Weak secondary collisions and powers referred to weakening or cessation of uterine contractions and abdominal muscles during childbirth, which was preceded by a normal or too strong contractions and power.

The reasons that cause the initial generic weakness can include:

1.nepravylnoe maintenance and inadequate feeding kotnoy Cats,obesity, lack of active movements and complete absence motsyona.

2.razlychnye diseases (diseases of the liver, lung, ketosis, etc.).

3.neblahopryyatnaya situation in the maternity room (noise, a lot of the audience, an unusual situation).

4.slabost collisions can be caused by excessive stretching of the uterus (the presence in it of a large number of fruit or fruit edema).

5.nedorazvytost uterus.

6.bryushnaya hernia, otvyslost abdomen.

Cesarean section in cats, Pathology of childbirth

Cesarean section in cats, Pathology of childbirth Part 2

cesarean section in cats

Cesarean section in cats, Pathology of childbirth

Secondary tribal weakness appears due to fatigue muscles of the uterus and abdomen of the fetus at birth big or the wrong position it as normal or severe labors appears avail. Often there is a secondary hereditary weakness in cats with plenty of kittens when the muscles of the uterus and peritoneum tired after the birth of several detenyshey .Strong (violent) clashes and power. When excessively strong contractions and powers understand the strengths and prolonged contraction of the muscles of the uterus and abdomen with very short pauses.Sometimes, there are no pauses between contractions and relaxes the uterus is not, however, currently in a state of hypertonicity. It uterine tetany.Causes:1. Large fruit.2 . The narrowness of the pelvis, dry maternity tract.3.Nepravylnoe arrangement of fruit.Uzost vagina is often observed in young pershoporodilley cats regardless of breed, if sparyvayut prematurely, ie. to the onset of physiological maturity.The condition may be congenital, manifested not only during childbirth.The narrowness of the vagina also occurs in cats undergoing inflammatory processes, which have adhesions or scarring genital organs.Very rarely they are faced with cases where the pathology is caused by tumors called the vagina. The narrowness of the vagina is an obstacle to the birth kitten.In early labor contractions and power in NORMAL animals.Then, when he comes to the vagina, in its narrowness having painful irritation that enhance contractions and power, the result can be a gap vagina. Fruits usually die from asphyxia due to compression of vessels emerged rapidly sokraschayuscheysya uterus or the limitation pupovyny .Violent clashes and attempts to weaken soon, jammed fruit or part protruding from the vagina, childbirth and end, ie. occurs secondary clan weakness .A narrow pelvis (the so-called anatomical limitations of the size of the pelvic ring zatrudnyayuschuyu passage of the fetal head this ring). Scar (or scars) on the uterus remaining after previous surgery. And then during birth may be a risk of uterine rupture due to the weakness of scar tissue. Improper position or presentation of the fetus in the uterus. In such cases, delivery through the birth canal can be very difficult or practically impossible .Often found wrong location fetus. Wrongly considered lower and lateral position, which can be observed both from the main and breech fetus. Also incorrect is the transverse position of the fetus and vertykalnoe.Incorrect occurring birth may result pairing small cat with a big cat, so that the size of the fruit is the size of birth canal. Important role to the emergence of diseases and disorders in a proper position of the fetus. The most important factor in the occurrence of disease is a health condition kotnoy cat before birth. Any violation of feeding, lack of vitamins in food, poor sanitary hyhyenycheskoe content kotnoy cats contribute properly flowing families.

Cesarean section in cats, Pathology of childbirth

Monday, November 11, 2013

Allergies in animals: Atopic dermatitis, Diseases of dogs and cat

Allergies in animals: Atopic dermatitis

Allergies in animals: Atopic dermatitis, Diseases of dogs and cat

Inflammation of the skin of the body, the interdigital spaces , around the eyes , inflammation of the ear , the presence of itching - symptoms that are often combined into a single diagnosis - an allergy . But not everyone dermatitis, having the same symptoms can be attributed to allergies. To avoid incorrect diagnosis is necessary for mandatory dermatological study , which excludes the presence on the surface of the affected skin mites ( sarcoptic mange , demodicosis , heyletelioz , etc.), or opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (usually a staph infection, but not always) , and pathogenic and opportunistic mushrooms ( fungi of the genus Malassezii often , but not always).

In animals , the following types of allergies : allergy to flea bites , food allergy , contact dermatitis (allergy) , atopic dermatitis . The first three types of allergies are relatively easy to define and easy to control the therapy and diet. With the latter the same type have to fight for a long time , sometimes for life , as Atopic dermatitis can be controlled only by the constant use of drugs. Sometimes the body dogs or cats may be sensitive as feed components and on the skin contacting ekzoallergeny .

Atopic dermatitis - zudnevoe inflammatory disease with characteristic clinical signs of dermatitis , which causes a genetic tendency to develop IgE- mediated allergic reaction to the substance of the environment ( ekzoallergeny ) .

By ekzoallergenam include:

The pollen of grass and trees .

Household ( house dust, house dust mites ) .

Moldy spores of fungi.

Epidermal ekzoallergeny (epidermis of animal, human , animal dander ) .

The causes of atopic dermatitis - genetic predisposition , environmental factors and secondary microflora , therefore , as a rule , atopic dermatitis is incurable.

There are also not accepted in dermatological circles infectious theory of occurrence of atopic dermatitis. The infectious theory is that the presence of the body and the effects on the body of certain bacteria , viruses, is inflammatory and allergic reaction . By the microorganisms that cause such reactions include pathogens Chlamydia , Mycoplasma , brucellosis , etc. When the body of these organisms allows to recover from atopic dermatitis.

Often many inflammatory and allergic reactions on the skin and not only occur after vaccine administration . In medicine, a phenomenon referred to as post-vaccination syndrome . The main rule is to prevent the possible development of post-vaccination syndrome says: " Before the introduction of the vaccine animal should be completely healthy ! " Ignoring this rule is the same as from the owners of the animals , and on the part of physicians may cause the animal to life and lifelong disease treatment.

The characteristic clinical signs of atopic dermatitis in dogs include: itching, and redness of the skin around the eyes , lips , ears ( otitis ) , between the fingers , neck, armpit area , abdomen, perianal area , and frequently recurring infections of the skin .

The characteristic features of atopic dermatitis in cats include:

itching and redness of the muzzle, neck , extremities, but usually not the paws, abdomen, symmetrical hair loss without signs of inflammation.

In the treatment of atopic dermatitis use the funds for infection control , weighing down the skin (shampoos, systemic antibiotics ) , the means to control the itch ( antihistamines , hormonal, immunosuppressive drugs) , as well as specific immunotherapy . An alternative treatment of atopic dermatitis is the use of homeopathic therapy.

Only competent veterinary medical approach to the diagnosis of allergies and differentiation of many " similar " for clinical signs of skin disease may provide animal relief from clinical signs of disease control and possible cure.

Allergies in animals:Atopic dermatitis, Diseases of dogs and cat

Thursday, March 28, 2013

Wildlife and nature conservation, animal in world

Reserves have a very long time. At the dawn of the history of human society existed "sacred" places where hunting is banned, fish catching and logging where animals, birds and fish could safely withdraw offspring. In those days, when hunting and fishing were the most important, and often the only source human existence, from the conservation of protected sites intact well-being depended on, and sometimes just life.

Later, in the era of feudalism, the preserves largely lost its original meaning. In most countries in Europe, Asia and Africa, they have to serve the interests of the rulers or of the church and began to reserves, which protected only certain types of animals. There were many sanctuaries in ancient India, China and Egypt. In the Middle Ages in our country were "custom location "- Bialowieza Forest, where bison protected, and" Seven Islands "in the Murmansk coast, where the protected nesting hunting falcons for the royal hunt.

With the development of capitalism grew indiscriminate deforestation, animals, birds,fish - all natural resources that could bring money. Especially savagely exterminated them in the conquered countries and colonies. Yes, with unprecedented brutality colonizers destroyed the bison in America, elephants, rhinos and antelope in Africa and Asia. One hundred years ago disappeared most forests in Europe were exterminated many species of large animals and birds. This general impoverishment of nature has alarmed scientists, progressive community and government leaders. The emerging movement for the protection of nature. To keep animals in many countries were organized reserves.

One of the first among them was Yellowstone National Park in North America (1872). Behind him were the national parks in Europe, hunting reserves in Asia and Africa, reserves in Russia. Organization of protected areas affect the interests of private landowners, because it was carried out with great difficulty. In Tsarist Russia before the revolution was only a few reserves, mostly private. In capitalist countries, this reason makes their organization now. Often reserves owned by private individuals, companies

Antelopes in the reserve Vars-Kelmes (Kazakh SSR), Wildlife and nature conservation, animal in world

Friday, March 1, 2013

General measures to prevent domestic non-communicable diseases

The basis of prevention of domestic non-communicable diseases are a full feeding, optimal indoor climate, systematic exercise, rational use of chemical and microbiological synthesis, timely monitoring of metabolism and animal health.
Nutritious feeding involves a diet that would ensure the animals in need of energy, major nutrients and biologically active substances.
Many diseases associated with insufficient or excess energy, protein, mineral and vitamin nutrition. The higher productivity of animals, the greater should be the concentration of energy per 1 kg of dry matter intake. Lack of power supply leads to poor absorption of food substances, reproductive disorders, development of malnutrition, reducing the natural resistance of the organism. To eliminate energy deficit in the diets of animals injected cereal concentrates, roots, potatoes, fats of animal and vegetable origin.
Excessive energy food leads to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and other pathologies.With a lack or excess of protein or amino acid composition of inferiority by declining productivity and reproductive function, disturbed metabolism and osteodystrophy develops dystrophy, reduced milk yield (hypogalactition) appear immune disorders, reduced natural resistance, is born defective offspring, increasing incidence ( diarrhea, pneumonia, gastritis, etc.) animals.Eliminate protein deficiency by typing in rations vysokoproteynovyh forage: grain legumes, meal, feed, hay legumes, meat, meat-and-bone or fish meal.

General measures to prevent domestic non-communicable diseases

Sunday, February 24, 2013

Fundamentals of general therapy animals

General therapy includes rules and treatments designed to eliminate the causal factors of disease, normalization of metabolism, renewal of the functions of individual organs and systems, productive and reproductive traits of animals.Private therapy combines treatments for specific diseases.Modern therapy based on principles fiziolohichnosti, activity, integrated and cost-effectiveness.

Principle fiziolohichnosti treatment provided primarily creating optimal conditions of feeding and maintenance, the use of diet, use of funds, regulating neurotrophic functions and normalize metabolism.It is necessary that the funds used to treat not suppressed and stimulated and regulated protective physiological response.The principle of active treatment implemented radical elimination of etiological factors, the use of the most efficient tools and treatments. Active therapy is useful only if it is based on the mobilization of the physiological mechanisms by which the body is protected from malicious agents.The principle involves the use of adjuvant therapy based treatment regimens using the methods and means to eliminate external and internal causes of disease, the creation of optimal conditions and feeding animals using causal, pathogenetic, stimulating and other types of therapy.The principle of economic feasibility based on the fact that ultimately treatment of farm animals must be economically justified.

Fundamentals of general therapy animals

Saturday, February 23, 2013

Suture materials and patterns in animal, Suture materials used in veterinary science

Recently the Board of Veterinary Medicine of Virginia revised the practice act to allow Licensed Veterinary Technicians to suture skin incisions and wounds. Technicians are now expected to become competent in this skill. Certainly not every veterinarian will expect technicians to suture, but it is a valuable skill. Be sure to check with the state you practice in, as regulations for each state varies.

Suture materials:

Wounds have been "sutured" for at least 2500 years. In ancient times lacerations were pulled together with hair, leather and small bones. Gut suture (using the intestines of animals) has been used for about 2000 years, and remains popular today. Galen is credited with the first reference to catgut in 175 AD. Natural fibers such as leather, flax, and cotton were improved until synthetic sutures emerged from polymer technology.The perfect suture has not yet been developed. The ideal suture should be:

A) Strong

B) Non-reactive in tissue

C) Non-slipping (hold knots)

D) Easy to handle

E) Inexpensive.

Suture materials have been classified in various ways including:

1)Absorption

2)Construction

3)Composition

4) non-absorbable (remains strong 60 days+)

5) monofilament

6) natural materials

7) absorbable (body will dissolve in <60 days) braided

8) twisted

9) sheathed

10) synthetics

Common sutures used in veterinary medicine

A) Natural products:

includes rarely used products like cotton, linen, and kangaroo tendon, as well as the following:

1) Silk: Silk is produced by silkworms and is non-absorbable

a) A very flexible (limp) suture and has no "memory," considered the easiest to handle of all.

b) Used often in neurology and ophthalmology

2) Chromic gut: Gut made from the intestines of sheep and cattle. It is usually treated with chromic acid to decrease its’ tissue reactivity. Gut comes in various grades depending on the amount of treatment with chromic acid. General information regarding gut sutures:

a) It is very reactive will often cause inflammation at site of use

b) It has a wide range of absorption times (3-40 days) depending upon the amount of treatment with chromic acid.

c) Gut suture is not used to close the skin

d) It is inexpensive compared to other suture.

e) It swells and extra knots are required to prevent slipping of the knot

B) Metal:

Stainless steel (an alloy) is sometimes used in skin to prevent the patient from chewing out the suture line

1) It is non-reactive

2) It is difficult to handle and can cause perforations in gloves

C) Some synthetics:

Very popular for both skin and deep sutures trade name material/source absorption rate use

1) Vetafil / Braunamid :nylon /non-absorbable /skin primarily

2) PDS II:polydioxanone /slow absorption /wide range/skin/eye etc

3) Dexon: polyglyolic acid /absorbable /wide range

4) Vicryl :polyglactin /slow absorption /urinary, intestines

5) Prolene :polypropylene /non-absorbable/ within body cavity

D) Braided versus monofilament suture:

Braided suture may be a nidus of infection, i.e. bacteria may lodge within the braid and become the source of an infection.

E) Sizing and strength of suture materials:

1) 6-0 is "hair-like" used for delicate surgery, i.e. ophthalmology and vascular

2) 2-0 & 3-0 is the most commonly used in small animals

3) 2-0 has an approximate tensile strength of 4 lbs.

4) 1 has an approximate tensile strength of 7.5 lbs.

Relative size of different sutures, Suture materials and patterns in animal

F) Packaging of suture:

1) Most veterinarians now use individually wrapped packages of sterile suture, often with a needle already attached (swaged on).

2) Suture is also supplied on a roll inside a container of sterile preservative. Individual lengths of suture can be cut as needed as needed from the roll.

Suture materials and patterns in animal

3) Suture is also supplied on large bulk rolls (non-sterile) various lengths can be cut, packaged and sterilized.

Suture Needles:

There are over 100 shapes of needles used on different organs or for various procedures. Needles are made of stainless steel and are strong but somewhat flexible and will bend before breaking.Needles are classified by:

A) Shape of needle:

1) Straight

2) Ski or semi-curved, the curve is only at the pointed end of the needle

3) Curved: The curve can range from ¼ to 5/8 circle, the more curved a needle the deeper penetration.

curved a needle, Suture materials and patterns in animal

B) Tip:

The tip determines how the needle will penetrate tissue. Cutting edge needles have three sharp surfaces which, can penetrate and drive through tough tissue (if sharp). Taper needles have rounded bodies and the tip can range from sharp to fairly blunt.

The three main types of needle tips are:

1) Cutting: Cutting edge is TOWARDS the skin margin

cutting, Suture materials and patterns in animal

2) Reverse cutting: cutting edge is AWAY from skin margin

Reverse cutting, Suture materials and patterns in animal

3) Taper: Somewhat blunt tip used on easily penetrated tissue.

reverse cutting edge needles often preferred in areas under pressure (heavy Weight):

hint: Compare the "footprint" of a cutting and reverse cutting needle used to close a incision, look at the base of each footprint closely, which one do you think will have a tendency to cut or pull through tissue?

C) The needle body shape (in cross section) Shapes range from rectangular to round.

D) Eye:

The part of the needle holding the suture

1) Regular or standard, a closed eye, sometimes the suture material is double threaded through the eye so that is doesn’t lip.

2) Spring eye (sometimes termed a French eye): it allows suture to be pulled out with pressure

3) Swaged: The suture is embedded inside the shaft of the needle and creates less drag and tissue trauma and doesn’t slip out of the needle.

E) Sizing of needles: The larger the number the smaller the needle, i.e. #20 needle smaller than #2. (similar to hypodermic needles)

Suture patterns:

There are numerous patterns developed over the years each for a specific use. Veterinarians develop preferences for certain suture patterns, just as they do particular instruments, types of suture and needles. Some of the basic patterns used frequently in veterinary medicine include:

A) Simple interrupted:

This is a "safe" pattern. There is less chance of the suture line breaking since individual stitches are placed. It takes more time to place this pattern since there is an individual knot for each stitch. But if one suture is broken the rest of the line usually holds.

Simple interrupted, Suture materials and patterns in animal

Variations on the interrupted pattern include "tension sutures," which are placed away from the wound edge and hold more weight than regular sutures.

Horizontal mattress, Suture materials and patterns in animal

Vertical mattress, Suture materials and patterns in animal

Tension suture with tubing, Suture materials and patterns in animal

B) Continuous or running pattern:

Continuous or running pattern, Suture materials and patterns in animal

This suture pattern is fast but less secure since there is just one suture used and it is tied or knotted at each end of the closure, if either knot loosens or the suture breaks the entire line is lost.

C) The "hidden" sub-cuticular pattern:

"hidden" sub-cuticular pattern, Suture materials and patterns in animal

This is usually a continuous pattern but an interrupted pattern could be used. It is placed in the dermal and sub-cutaneous layer of skin and is often used in canine castrations or as a strengthening layer below skin sutures.

Knots:

Without secure knots the best suture pattern would be useless. Many surgeons put extra ties or "throws" on their knots, this only takes a second and often insures that the knot will not slip. Common knots used in veterinary practice include:

A) Square knot: Most commonly used knot.

B) Surgeon’s knot : A double loop is placed before the first throw of the traditional square knot is made.

C) Granny knot: This is actually an incorrectly tied square knot. It looks very similar to the square knot, but doesn’t hold as well.

Surgical staples:

Staples are made of stainless steel and are applied using staplers. They have been used for surgical purposes for over 100 years and were invented in Russia. Below are some is some basic information regarding surgical staples.

A) They are uniform, non-reactive, and time saving

B) They are expensive (around a $1.00 each)

C) An extractor needed for removal of staples from the skin

D) They are used most often for long incisions, i.e. equine, orthopedics

Ligating clips:

These can be used in place of internal sutures to "tie off" pedicles (ovarian) or vessels etc. Ligating clips are applied by a special instrument and are stainless steal. They are used internally. They have similar qualities and drawbacks as staples.

Surgical glue or tissue adhesives:

This method of "pulling skin together" has become very popular. Below is some basic information about surgical glue and it’s use.

A) It is used commonly for feline declaws and to close small wounds.

B) The product warning emphasizes not to place adhesive in or on blood because it will not be effective.

C) It dries within seconds and is considered cost effective

D) A trade name product is Nexaband, which was developed for the veterinary market.

Biological coagulants:

These products promote the formation of blood clots and resulting hemostasis. Most come as sterile powders or as sponges. They are used to stop capillary bleeding within body, i.e. liver seepage, tooth removal.

Examples include Gelfoam and Surgicel, which are gelatin and cellulose based products

Suturing Assignment:

The on campus laboratory exercise will include suture practice on inanimate objects. Please practice the interrupted and continuous suture patterns before coming to campus. Many materials will simulate skin edges - felt, leather, and rubber tubing can be sutured. Additionally, you can use oranges, bananas, and tomatoes to simulate skin. To practice tying square knots, get a piece of clothesline-type rope. Practice tying knots, practice your hand ties, and instrument ties with this rope as well.

Your mentor will instruct you as to techniques preferred in your practice, but here are a few things to remember:

1) Skin edges should be evenly opposed, with no inversion or puckers.

2) If stitches are placed too far from the incision site, there will be a "gap" or pucker,

3) If they are placed too close to the edge they are difficult to remove and may pull through the skin.

4) Most suture will cause some inflammation (especially surgical gut) if the suture is placed "tight" a day or two later there will be swelling and discomfort at the site. This can result in the suture line breaking or being chewed out by the patient.

5) Most veterinarians prefer a slightly loose suture to avoid the previous problem.

New Post

Syrian hamster, hamster Care and Maintenance 2014, hamster care, hamster cages

Syrian hamster, hamster Care and Maintenance 2014, accommodations housing for the hamster

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014, Wolves, Wolf color, Anatomy of wolves

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014, Wolves, Wolf color, Anatomy of wolves

veterinary online: Wolf, all about wolves 2014, Wolves, Wolf color, Anatomy of wolves

Cesarean section in cats, Pathology of childbirth

Cesarean section in cats, Pathology of childbirth

Allergies in animals: Atopic dermatitis, Diseases of dogs and cat

Suture materials:

Suture materials have been classified in various ways including:

Common sutures used in veterinary medicine

A) Natural products:

B) Metal:

C) Some synthetics:

D) Braided versus monofilament suture:

E) Sizing and strength of suture materials:

F) Packaging of suture:

Suture Needles:

A) Shape of needle:

B) Tip:

C) The needle body shape (in cross section) Shapes range from rectangular to round.

D) Eye:

Suture patterns:

A) Simple interrupted:

B) Continuous or running pattern:

C) The "hidden" sub-cuticular pattern:

Knots:

Surgical staples:

Ligating clips:

Surgical glue or tissue adhesives:

Biological coagulants:

Suturing Assignment: