veterinary online

Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Erythrocyte in animals, erythrocyte

How are Erythrocyte different in animals

Firstly let's know what's erythrocyte:

Any of the oval or disc-shaped cells that circulate in the blood of vertebrate animals, contain hemoglobin,and give blood its red color. The hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen for transport and delivery to body tissues, and it transports carbon dioxide, excreted as a metabolic waste product, out of the tissues. The red blood cells of mammals have no nucleus, while those of other vertebrates do contain nuclei. Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow called erythrocyte.

Erythrocyte

How is a red blood cell adapted for its function

The shape of it is biconcave (and like a flattened disc). This increases surface area over volume.It has no nucleus, so that there is more space for more haemoglobin to be packed.It contains haemoglobin, which is a molecule which binds reversibly to oxygen.It is flexible and elastic - so that it can squeeze through the capillaries.Thin wall: for easy diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide in and out of the cells.Thin cell: providing a short distance for diffusion and increasing efficiency.

Erythrocyte in different animals

Dog: Cells are large (7microns),uniform in size and have central pallor (biconcave disc).

dog Erythrocyte

Cat: Cells average 6 microns in diameter , only very slight central pallor , slight anisocyte (variation in size of RBC) . Up to 1 % of the cells may contain Howell-jolly bodies(nuclear remnants ) .

Howell-jolly bodies

Cow: Average diameter is 6 microns . Red cells may appear flat disc with little or no central depression (no central pallor) anisocytosis is common.

Sheep: Average diameter 4.5 microns ,flat disc ,with little central depression

Goat: Erythrocyte are the smallest 4 microns and most variables in shape .Spindle,rod, or sphere-shape red cells may be observed (normal pokilocytosis)

Camel: Erythrocytes normal elliptical in shape and lake of cental depression .

camel erythrocyte

Horse: Erythrocyte have rouleaux formation ,Average diameter 5.7 microns ,uniform in size no central pallor .

rouleaux formation

Poultry: Mature erythrocyte is oval cell with an oval central nucleus .

Avian erythrocyte

Life Span

The life span of the erythrocyte varies from 70-160 days in domestic species although the life span is often shorter in juvenile animals (e.g. calves and lambs) compared to adult animals. Erythrocytes in small animals have a shorter life span than in the larger domestic species

Life span (days)
Cat	Pig	Dog	Goat	Horse	Sheep	Cattle
70	85	120	125	145	150	160

Transfused dog erythrocytes last around 21 days

Monday, January 28, 2013

Green food of rabbit, diet of rabbit

Summer in the diet of rabbit have enough green fodder: Mash-up grass and herbaceous plants, especially dandelions, plantain and lanceolate, yarrow, cow parsnip normal and Chickweed. creeping clover and

food of rabbit

grass and alfalfa to bloom, however, should fed in small quantities. Burkun not fed because contains too much coumarin, which can have a negative impact on blood coagulation.

Early spring gradually begin to feed animals greens. The best thing to mix a small amount of green feed hay.

diet of rabbit

Although the rabbit will pull and is mostly stems and leaves, though he eats them very little. If green feed seems not clean, wash it. Do not feed grass that grows near roads and meadows, located near the site of accumulation of cars that emit exhaust gases.

digestive system of rabbit-Green food of rabbit

Until the winter remains fresh Starry. This plant can also withstand negative temperatures several degrees. Rabbits eat this plant happy. Hay and green fodder offered in feeders, closed above an inclined wooden lid that prevents rabbits climb inside.

Green food of rabbit, diet of rabbit

If winter and summer there enough green fodder can feed different types meshanok (from different leaves to tsikornoho salad and lettuce). Too many mash-up can cause dyspepsia.

Friday, January 25, 2013

Surgical Pathology, General data on surgical diseases, methods of treatment and prevention

Surgical Pathology (polietiologicheskoe)

Typically, they are referred to non-communicable diseases character. Surgical diseases are widespread and diverse. Often, their causes are traumatic injuries (open and closed). The most common bumps, sprains, tears, lacerations, bruises, limfoekstravazaty, hernias, wounds, diseases of the joints, tendons, tendon sheaths, bone fractures, diseases of nerves, blood vessels, muscles, and disease hoof kopytets and eyes.Surgical Pathology always accompanied by inflammation. In some cases, clinical signs clearly expressed, in others they are not.

Treatments

When surgical diseases used surgical and conservative treatment. With conservative treatments deserves special attention pathogenetic therapy, which includes a number of treatments. Among the most common novocaine blockade and physiotherapy.

Novocaine blockade

Surgical Pathology, General data on surgical diseases, methods of treatment and prevention

Wednesday, January 23, 2013

Reproductive organs in animals, genitalia in animal, Sex glands in animal, Education gametes in animal

Female genitalia

The external female genitalia (vulva) include the labia , urogenital eve of the vagina, clitoris. The internal female reproductive organs include the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.

female genitalia

Wednesday, January 16, 2013

Veterinary Dictionary, veterinary online

Administrative Quality Management

Aspects of general management function that determine the quality policy, including liability.Within a single administrative management system is carried out by quality planning, quality control and quality assurance.

Veterinary

Saturday, January 12, 2013

Viruses, History of virology, History of virology, Names and Classification of viruses, Isolation Viruses

History of virology

Counting the history of virology should be conducted on February 12, 1892, when D.Y.Yvanovskyy told the Academy of Sciences of the opening of the pathogen "tobacco mosaic." Interest in virology growing with the opening of oncogenic viruses (1911) and bacteriophages, when foundations culturing viruses.

Viruses

Friday, January 11, 2013

Methods of clinical research animals, veterinary practice, behavior of animals

The methods of clinical investigation include inspection, observation, palpation, percussion, auscultation and thermometry. They are divided into instrumental (using instruments, tools and devices); laboratory (biochemical, microscopic, bacteriological, serological, virological, etc.), morphological, radiographic, fluorography, etc.

Behavior of animals

veterinary practice cardiac shock

Observing the behavior of leading animal during grazing, watering, recreation, separating sick animals - those who have fallen, with decreased appetite. Seen from the point condition hair, damage skin, organs of vision and hearing, and present condition of the extremities.Palpation (feeling) - a method of research in which the help of hands determine the pulse, skin, bones and joints, lymph nodes, etc.

There palpation surface that can be used to determine the quality of cardiac shock, pain response and skin temperature, and deep, which is used in the study of the abdomen (stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys). Varieties deep palpation is penetrating and Tolchkoobrazno. Penetrating palpation hold vertically posed fingers at a constant, but a strong pressure on the limited place. It is possible to determine the frequency and strength reduction rumen consistency of its contents, etc. Tolchkoobrazno palpation is short bounces, applied with fingers, palm or fist (used in the study grid, spleen, liver, establishing pregnancy, etc.).

Percussion

Percussion perform certain parts of the body to determine the position and topography of.There are direct and mediocre percussion.Direct percussion is short shots slightly bent fingers across the study area, where it is necessary to obtain not only sound, but also tangible impression.

Veterinary practice

Veterinary-animal

In veterinary practice percussion usually carried out by plessimetra and perkussyonnoho hammer. It can successfully determine the localization of damage. Pathological changes in organs and tissues of percussion can be found at a depth of 7.6 cm

Auscultation

auscultation sounds that occur in organs or cavities (thoracic, abdominal). These sounds reflect the heart, respiratory system, motility stomach, intestines and can be fixed directly to the ear or using phonendoscope or stethoscope.

Obesity in birds, Obesity in animal, affects of obesity in animal

Causes

The disease occurs with profound violation of metabolic processes and is accompanied by excessive accumulation of fat in various organs, especially in the subcutaneous tissue.

bird internal anatomy-Obesity in birds

Thursday, January 10, 2013

Animal Ear Diseases, Diseases of the ear, Signs of the Diseases in animal, Inflammation of the ear in animal

Diseases of the ear are very common in all small animals.

Animal Ear Diseases

Neuroses in birds, Neurosis in birds, Neurosis in animal

Neurosis

It is a mental illness that develop as a result of prolonged exposure to factors that injure the psyche, the emotional strain, under the influence of infections and other diseases.

Neuroses in birds, Neurosis in birds, Neurosis in animal

Sunday, January 6, 2013

Diseases of the teeth of animals, Diseases of teeth in pets frequent, Treatment Diseases of the teeth of animals

Diseases of teeth in pets frequent

Some disease (fracture and dislocation of the mandible anomalies dental bite) is the prerogative of a veterinary technician.

Diseases of the teeth of animals

Saturday, January 5, 2013

Skeleton of Dog, skeleton function of dog, The basic skeleton Remarks of dog

The skeleton

Skeleton of Dog

Diabetes in birds, Diabetes mellitus in animal, Treatment of Diabetes mellitus in animal

Diabetes mellitus

blood in urine in dog, the presence of blood in the urine is a serious symptom, blood mixed with urine

In the period of estrus or recently oschenyvsheysya bitches is quite normal blood discharge from the vulva, which is mixed with urine. In all other cases, the presence of blood in the urine is a serious symptom,

so as to quickly contact a veterinarian

system of urinary of dog

Friday, January 4, 2013

anesthesia animals, Local and general anesthesia animals

Horse_skeleton

Thursday, January 3, 2013

Gout in animal, Gout in Bird, Causes of Gout in animal

uric acid in the blood -Gout in animal

The structure of animal bones, Osteology, Skeleton, studying bones

Osteology (gr. osteon - bone, logos - teaching) - the science of studying bones.

Skeleton-bones

Accounting of veterinary, storage and use of veterinary drugs, disinfectants of veterinary

Procedure for registration, storage and use of veterinary property is governed by the following documents: instructions for recording and use of drugs, biologic, disinfectants and other materials in the institutions of the state veterinary network rules for storage, keeping and dispensing of toxic and potent medicinal products for veterinary purposes; instructions on the procedure for dispensing toxic drugs for veterinary use collective and state farms, poultry farms and other farms Veterinary Department.